How to Move to Canada from the United States

Immigration to Canada from the USA may not be as easy as you may think, and yet many thousands of American citizens move to Canada each year. Plus, thousands of non-citizen American residents make the move north.

In this guide, we take you through some of the most popular options for immigrating from the United States to Canada. Prefer learning from a video? Check out our webinar with regulated Canadian immigration consultant, Rebecca Major:

Can Americans Move to Canada as Permanent Residents?

Canada has a range of permanent residence programs for those seeking immigration to Canada from the USA. The system of selecting candidates for many popular economic programs (i.e. not family reunification, or refugee programs) is called Express Entry.

Applicants will need to become eligible under one of the following federal economic immigration programs:

• The Federal Skilled Worker Program;
• The Canadian Experience Class; or
• The Federal Skilled Trades Program.

Canada’s provinces also have a say in who gets to move to Canada. A portion of these Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) are streamlined through Express Entry, while some PNP streams exist entirely outside the Express Entry system.

Each program has its own criteria, and the Express Entry system can help you discover which ones you may be eligible for.

To get started, candidates seeking immigration to Canada from the USA can submit an Express Entry profile to Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), the government department that processes applications. Candidates will be assessed to determine their eligibility for at least one of these programs.

They will need to provide some information on their foreign work history, Canadian work history (if any), education level, language ability in either English or French (a test is necessary, even if you went to Harvard!), and some other factors. From there, they will be assigned a score out of 1,200 points, under what’s called the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS).

You can receive up to 600 points right away if a Canadian province has agreed to nominate you under a Provincial Nominee Program.

Through Express Entry draws, IRCC will select the top-ranking Express Entry candidates and invite them to complete their application for permanent residence. You can see the recent Express Entry Draw trends on our dedicated Express Entry Draw page.

American citizens and foreign workers in America tend to fare well once in the Express Entry pool, given their English language proficiency and comparable education and work experience.

To learn more see our Express Entry Canada guide on Moving2Canada. For other immigration programs, visit our Permanent Residency section.

Can US Citizens Work in Canada using USMCA (formerly: NAFTA)?

Some US citizens may be able to work in Canada under the terms of the United States – Mexico – Canada Agreement (USMCA), which has replaced the older NAFTA agreement.

There are three key ways you can obtain a work permit using this agreement. These categories are:

1. USMCA / NAFTA Professional
Candidates in this category must meet the following criteria:

• Qualified in one of the targeted professions (including accountants, architects, engineers, lawyers, teachers, medical and scientific staff). Learn more here.
• Must have pre-arranged work in one of these fields.
• Self-employed work is not eligible.

2. USMCA / NAFTA Intra-Company Transfers
Staff of an American company can transfer to a Canadian branch of the firm. The following requirements apply:

• Must have been in continuous employment at the firm for at least one of the last three years.
• Must be employed by the company when applying.
• Must work in a specialized or managerial role.

3. USMCA / NAFTA Traders and Investors
Suitable for those who are investing in a Canadian business, and are seeking immigration to Canada from the USA or Mexico to grow that business.

Under Canada’s Express Entry immigration system, USMCA workers in Canada may benefit from additional Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) points for a valid job offer.

How Can Americans Find Employment Opportunities in Canada?

Generally speaking, Americans have an easier time securing employment in Canada, largely because USMCA makes it easier for some American workers to be hired by Canadian companies. In addition to this, American candidates often have high English language skills and easily transferable education/ work experience.

Our Outpost Recruitment agency has been finding work for construction and engineering professionals from the USA, placing them in companies across Canada who value foreign work experience.

Can US Green Card Holders Work in Canada?

Unfortunately, US Green Card Holders do not benefit from the provisions of USMCA, and their Green Card does not make life easier for them to work in Canada. US Green Card Holders must go through the same process of applying for and securing a Canadian work permit as any other foreign national. This generally means they need to secure a job offer along with a Labour Market Impact Assessment before they can apply for a work permit.

Immigration to Canada from America as a Recent Graduate

If you have been enrolled in a full-time, post-secondary educational program in the past year, you may be able to receive an open work permit for Canada.

The permits, issued under the SWAP Working Holidays program, last for 12 months. They are available for those aged 18 to 35.

Can Americans Retire in Canada?

There is no special provision that allows Americans to retire in Canada. If an American would to spend their retirement in Canada, they will need to secure some kind of status that allows them to reside in Canada. The most popular choice here would be to enter Canada as a visitor. Americans can visit Canada for up to 6 months at a time without applying for a visa. For more information, check out our page on how to retire in Canada. 

Can Americans Own Property in Canada?

Until January 1st 2025, only Canadian citizens, Permanent residents of Canada and persons registered under the Indian Act can purchase property in Canada. There are some exceptions to this, like if you are a worker or international student in Canada for a certain amount of time but at this time, an American visitor in Canada cannot buy property.

What other advice is there for those seeking immigration to Canada from the USA?

Americans seeking information on immigration to Canada from the USA have been reading these articles on our website.

• Top 10 questions on moving to Canada from the USA
• Destination cities for Americans moving to Canada
• US tax considerations for Americans moving to Canada

Have more questions about immigration to Canada from the USA? Our free Getting Started Guide download can help.

And for updates, be sure to join Moving2Canada on Facebook where you’ll find the latest immigration updates.

We have a constantly updated immigration to Canada guide.

For further advice and information, you can visit our Book an Immigration Consultant page.

Editor’s note, July, 2024. We notice that a lot of US-based readers are reading this page right now. One of the best ways to explore your options for moving to Canada from the US is to create a Moving2Canada account and complete your profile.

See our full section on moving to Canada from the USA