Work Permits in Canada: A Complete Guide

If you’re planning to work in Canada, understanding the country’s work permit system is essential. There isn’t just one type of permit—options vary based on your job, skills, and goals. This guide will help you navigate the different types of work permits available. Learn how to choose the one that best fits your situation and take the first step toward working in Canada legally.

What is a Work Permit in Canada?

A work permit in Canada is an official document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) that allows foreign nationals to work in the country legally. It outlines the type of job, employer, and duration of employment permitted. Work permits are typically tied to specific job offers, but can also be open in certain cases. This authorization is typically required for most foreign workers before they can commence employment. It helps protect both Canadian labour standards and foreign worker rights.

How to Get a Work Permit in Canada

Getting a work permit in Canada isn’t a one-size-fits-all process. There are several types of work permits available, but there are also different immigration and government programs that can help you obtain one, depending on your unique situation. Factors such as your country of residence, age, profession, and even your career goals all play a role in determining the best path for you.

Before applying, it’s essential to first decide which route fits your profile and objectives best. For example, some individuals may qualify for an employer-specific work permit through a job offer, while others may be eligible for an open work permit through international agreements or spousal sponsorship. Additionally, those looking to immigrate permanently to Canada may explore work permits offered under immigration pathways like Express Entry, Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs), or pilot programs designed for specific industries or regions.

To help you make an informed decision, we’ve outlined the most common types of Canadian work permits below. However, if your long-term goal is to move to Canada permanently, we also recommend checking relevant immigration programs, which often include work permits as part of the process.

Types of Work Permits in Canada

Canada offers a variety of work permits, which are generally grouped into two main categories: Employer-Specific Work Permits and Open Work Permits. Each type has its own purpose, requirements, and level of flexibility, depending on your situation.

The key difference between the two is that an employer-specific work permit ties you to a particular job, employer, and location. You can only work for the employer named on your permit, and in many cases, your employer must obtain a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) before you apply. In contrast, an open work permit allows you to work for almost any employer in Canada without needing a job offer or LMIA, giving you greater freedom in the labour market. However, eligibility for open work permits is usually limited to specific programs or circumstances. For more information about the main difference between these two types of work permits, read our article Open Work Permit vs Closed Work Permit.

Here’s an overview of the most common permits within each group:

Employer-Specific Work Permits

These permits are tied to a specific employer, job, and location. You must have a job offer and, in most cases, your employer must obtain a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) before you can apply.

1. Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP)
   The Temporary Foreign Worker Program is designed for employers who need to hire foreign workers when no Canadian citizen or permanent resident is available for the job. To participate, employers usually must get a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA), which confirms that hiring a foreign worker won’t negatively affect the Canadian labour market. This program covers a wide variety of jobs, from seasonal and low-skilled roles to highly skilled positions. Because the work permit is tied to a specific employer and job, workers cannot switch employers without applying for a new permit. It’s one of the most common ways foreign nationals legally work in Canada temporarily.
2. Global Talent Stream (GTS)
   The Global Talent Stream is a faster way for Canadian employers to hire highly skilled foreign workers, especially in the tech and innovation sectors. It offers expedited processing, sometimes in just two weeks, to help businesses quickly fill important roles that drive economic growth. Although an LMIA is still required, this stream simplifies and speeds up the process for qualifying employers. The GTS is popular with companies needing talent in software development, engineering, and other specialized areas. It’s a great option if you’re a skilled professional looking to work in Canada’s fast-growing industries.
3. LMIA-Exempt Employer-Specific Work Permits
   Some foreign workers can get an employer-specific work permit without needing a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). This exemption applies to people working under international trade agreements like CUSMA (formerly NAFTA), intra-company transfers for multinational companies (find more information below), and other special programs recognized by the government. Even though an LMIA isn’t required, applicants still need a valid job offer and must meet specific criteria based on the exemption. These permits allow workers to be tied to one employer but avoid the sometimes lengthy LMIA process. It’s ideal for professionals and executives moving within their company or under trade agreement benefits.
4. Intra-Company Transfers
   The Intra-Company Transfer (ICT) program allows multinational companies to move key employees—such as executives, managers, or specialized workers—to a Canadian branch, subsidiary, or affiliate. This work permit is LMIA-exempt and falls under the International Mobility Program, making the process faster and more streamlined. To qualify, the employee must have worked for the company abroad for at least one year in the last three years. The permit is employer-specific, meaning the worker can only be employed by the Canadian entity of their current company. It’s ideal for global businesses expanding into Canada or managing international teams.
5. Francophone Mobility Program
   The Francophone Mobility Program is designed to encourage French-speaking skilled workers to work in Canadian provinces outside Quebec. This program allows eligible applicants to get an employer-specific work permit without an LMIA, making it easier and faster to start working. To qualify, you need to prove your French language skills and have a job offer in a position that matches your qualifications. This program supports Canada’s goal to strengthen bilingualism and expand economic opportunities across the country. It’s perfect for French speakers looking for work experience outside of Quebec.

Open Work Permits

Open work permits offer flexibility because they allow you to work for almost any employer in Canada, without needing a job offer or LMIA. However, they are usually only available to people who qualify under specific programs or circumstances. Here are the most common types:

1. Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP)
   The Post-Graduation Work Permit is for international students who have completed a program at an eligible Canadian college or university. It allows graduates to work for any employer in Canada, helping them gain valuable local work experience. The length of the permit depends on the duration of your study program, up to a maximum of three years. A PGWP is often a stepping stone toward permanent residency. It’s a great option for students who want to stay and build a career in Canada after graduation.
2. Spousal Open Work Permit
   The SOWP permit allows spouses or common-law partners of skilled workers, international students, or Canadian citizens/permanent residents to work in Canada. Unlike employer-specific permits, it lets them work for almost any employer and doesn’t require an LMIA. It’s a valuable option for couples who want to stay together while one partner studies or works in Canada. To be eligible, the principal applicant must meet certain program requirements. It supports family unity and helps partners contribute to the Canadian workforce.
3. International Experience Canada (IEC)
   The IEC program is aimed at young people (usually aged 18 to 35) from countries that have a youth mobility agreement with Canada. It offers three categories: Working Holiday (open permit), Young Professionals and International Co-op (both employer-specific).The Working Holiday permit is the most flexible, allowing participants to travel and work for any employer. It’s perfect for youth who want to experience Canadian culture while gaining international work experience. Spots are limited and based on country-specific quotas.
4. Bridging Open Work Permit (BOWP)
   The Bridging Open Work Permit is for individuals already in Canada who have applied for permanent residence through eligible programs. It allows you to continue working legally while waiting for a decision on your immigration application. This type of permit is only available to those who’ve applied under programs like Express Entry or certain provincial nominee streams. It helps prevent gaps in employment during the transition from temporary to permanent status. It’s a practical solution for those already contributing to the Canadian economy.
5. Humanitarian-Based Open Work Permits
   These permits are issued in exceptional cases where individuals are in vulnerable or precarious situations, such as abuse, exploitation, or humanitarian grounds. They may be granted to refugee claimants, victims of human trafficking, or individuals facing hardship in Canada. The goal is to offer protection and allow them to support themselves while their legal situation is resolved. Each case is reviewed individually based on compassionate or public policy grounds. These permits reflect Canada’s commitment to human rights and dignity. These also include work permit for vulnerable workers.

Getting a Work Permit Through Canada’s Trade Agreements

Canada has signed several Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that make it easier for citizens of partner countries to work in Canada without the need for a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA). These agreements include CUSMA, CETA, CPTPP, and others, and they provide streamlined work permit options for business professionals, investors, and intra-company transferees. If you’re a skilled worker or entrepreneur from a participating country, these permits can offer a faster and more accessible pathway to Canadian work experience.

How Much Does a Work Permit Cost?

The cost of applying for a Canadian work permit depends on the type. For most applicants, the standard fee in 2025 is CAD $155. If you’re applying for an open work permit, there’s an additional CAD $100 fee, bringing the total to CAD $255.

Employers hiring through the International Mobility Program may also need to pay a compliance fee of CAD $230. Additional costs—such as biometrics, medical exams, or legal assistance—may also apply depending on your situation.

Check each type of permit or program to have a better idea of how much it could cost to apply for a work permit in Canada.

How to Extend My Work Permit in Canada?

If your current work permit is expiring but you want to stay longer, you must apply for an extension before it expires. You can apply online through your IRCC account and will need to upload supporting documents, such as a new job offer or proof that you’re still eligible under the same program.

While waiting for a decision, you may have implied status, meaning you can continue working under the same conditions until IRCC processes your application. Make sure to apply at least 30 days before your current permit expires.

How Long Does It Take to Get a Work Permit in Canada?

Processing times for work permits vary based on your country of residence, the type of permit you’re applying for, and whether your application is complete. On average, it can take 2 to 16 weeks, but some programs—like the Global Talent Stream—offer two-week processing.

You can check the latest processing times on the IRCC website using their online tool. Be sure to factor in extra time for biometrics, medical exams, or additional document requests.

How to Go From Work Permit to Permanent Resident in Canada

Many foreign workers use their Canadian work experience as a stepping stone to permanent residency. Programs like Express Entry and its Canadian Experience Class (CEC) program, and certain Provincial Nominee Programs (PNPs) are specifically designed for individuals with Canadian work history.

To make the transition, ensure you meet the eligibility criteria—such as language ability, skilled work experience, and education—and submit a permanent residence application through the appropriate stream. Your time in Canada can significantly boost your chances of being selected for PR.